Do extrato em diclorometano do tronco de Kielmeyera cuspidata Saddi, Clusiaceae, foram isoladas cinco xantonas, 1,6-diidroxi-3,5-dimetoxixantona, 2-hidroxi-1-metoxixantona, 2,3-metilenodioxixantona, 4-hidroxi-2,3-metilenodioxixantona e 3-hidroxi-2,4-dimetoxixantona e dois triterpenos, α-amirina e β-amirina. O extrato exibiu toxicidade para Artemia salina e atividade antibacteriana para Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subitilis, Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus mutans, não sendo ativo para Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Salmonela choleraesuis.

From the dichloromethane extract of trunk of Kielmeyera cuspidata five xanthones were isolated, 1,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone, 2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone, 4-hydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone and 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyxanthone and two triterpenes α-amirin and β-amirin. The extract displayed toxicity against Artemia salina and exhibited antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subitilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans and it was not active against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonela choleraesuis.

Óleos voláteis obtidos das partes aéreas de plantas de três espécies de Mikania foram analisados por CG-EM e RMN. Quarenta e seis terpenos, entre monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos e diterpenos, foram identificados. A análise classificou Mikania hookeriana como produtora de diterpenos, de acordo com a maioria das espécies de Mikania que ocorrem no Brasil.

Volatile oils obtained from the aerial parts of three Mikania species plants were analyzed by GC-MS and NMR. Forty-six terpenes among monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were identified by this methodology. The analysis classified Mikania hookriana as diterpene producer as the majority Mikania species occurring in Brazil.

Os óleos essenciais das folhas, flores e frutos de Myrcia myrtifolia DC foram coletados ao longo dos anos de 2002 e 2003 e foram analisados utilizando CG-DIC e CG-EM. No total foram identificados 28 componentes sendo que o alfa-pineno foi a substância predominante em todas as amostras analisadas apresentando-se em concentrações que variaram entre 61.5 e 90.9%. As propriedades antimicrobianas do óleo essencial das folhas coletadas em outubro de 2002 foram avaliadas contra seis bactérias, duas leveduras e cinco fungos filamentosos sendo mais fortemente ativo contra Microsporum canis e Trichophyton rubrum, ativo contra Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans e Aspergillus fumigatus. O óleo ainda mostrou uma toxicidade moderada, LC50 of 479,16 µg mL-1, contra Artemia salina.

This work reports the seasonal variation of the composition of leaf volatile oils and the composition of volatile oils from flowers and fruits of Myrcia myrtifolia DC harvested in the sand dunes of Salvador, Bahia, northeastern region of Brazil between 2002 and 2003. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS so that 28 components were identified. alpha-Pinene was predominant in a range from 61.5 to 90.9% in all samples analyzed. The leaf oil collected in October 2002 had their antimicrobial properties tested against six bacteria, two yeasts and five filamentous fungi being active against Staphylococcus aureus, methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus, and showed strongest activity against Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum. The oil displayed moderate toxicity against Artemia salina showing a LC50 of 479.16 µg mL-1.

O extrato diclorometânico do tronco de Clusia melchiorii, após fracionamento e purificação por cromatografia em gel de sílica, produziu um novo bifenilo, 2,2-dimetil-5-hidroxi-7-fenilcromeno, ao lado de outros compostos conhecidos, 2,2-dimetil-5,10-diidro-2H-benzo[g]cromeno-5,10-diona (xiloidona), ácido betulínico, friedelina, friedelinol, eufol, sitostenona, estigmastenona e uma mistura de beta-sitosterol e estigmasterol. O extrato hexânico do tronco de Clusia obdeltifolia depois de fracionado em gel de sílica produziu um novo álcool delta-tocotrienílico, 2Z, 6E, 10E-13-(6-hidroxi-2,8-dimetil-3,4-diidro-2H,2-cromenil)-2,6, 10-trimetil-2,6,10-tridecatrien-1-ol, ao lado dos ácidos 2E e 2Z-delta-tocotrienolóico, betulínico e betulônico, betulinaldeído, glutinol, friedelina, sitostenona e uma mistura de beta-sitosterol e estigmasterol. As estruturas dos compostos isolados foram determinadas através de seus dados espectroscópicos.

Chromatographic purification of the dichloromethane extract of Clusia melchiorii trunk leading to the isolation of a new biphenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxi-7-phenylchromene, along with the known compounds 2,2-dimethyl-5,10-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione (xyloidone), betulinic acid, friedelin, friedelinol, euphol, sitostenone, stigmastenone and a mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The hexane extract of Clusia obdeltifolia trunk yielded, after chromatographic fractionation, a new delta-tocotrienilic alcohol 2Z, 6E, 10E-13-(6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,2-chromenyl)-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6, 10-tridecatrien-1-ol, along with 2Z and 2E-delta-tocotrienoloic acids, betulinic acid, betulonic acid, betunilic aldehyde, glutinol, friedelin, sitostenone and a mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Their structures were determined from spectral data and comparison with data from previously reported compounds.

Do extrato hexânico do tronco de Clusia obdeltifolia foram isoladas três novas benzofenonas polipreniladas 7beta-H-11-benzoil-5alfa-hidroxi-6,6,10,10-tetrametil-1-(3-metil-2-butenil)tetraciclo [7.3.1.1(3,11)0(3,7)]tetradecano-2,12,14-triona, 8-benzoil-4alfa-(1-hidroxi-1-metiletil)-7,7-dimetil-1,3-di(3 -metil-2-butenil)triciclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecano-2,9,11-triona e 7alfa-H-1-benzoil-4-hidroxi-3-(3-hidroxi-3-metilbutil)-6,6,13,13-tetrametil-11- (3-metil-2-butenil)-5-oxatetraciclo[7.3.1.0(3,7)0(4,11)]tridecano-2,12-diona e duas benzofenonas polipreniladas conhecidas como sampsoniona B e sampsoniona G. Estes compostos apresentam um raro esqueleto do tipo triciclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecano e suas estruturas foram determinadas a partir dos dados espectrais e por comparação destes com os dados relatados na literatura.

The hexane extract of Clusia obdeltifolia trunk yielded three new polyprenylated benzophenones 7beta-H-11-benzoyl-5alpha-hydroxy-6,6,10,10-tetramethyl-1-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)tetracyclo [7.3.1.1(3,11)0(3,7)]tetradecane-2,12,14-trione, 8-benzoyl-4alpha-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-7,7-dimethyl -1,3-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)tricyclo[4.3.1.1(3,8) ]undecane-2,9,11-trione and 7alpha-H-1-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-3methylbutyl)-6,6,13,13-tetramethyl-11- (3-methyl-2-butenyl)-5 -oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.0(3,7)0(4,11) ]tridecane-2,12-dione along with two known polyprenylated benzophenones, sampsonione B and sampsonione G. These benzophenones exhibited a complex tricyclo [4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecane skeleton and their structures were determined from spectral data and comparison with those of previously reported compounds.

Ésteres metílicos dos diterpenos ácido ent-pimara-9(11),15-dien-19-óico (1), ácido ent-pimara-7,15-dien-19-óico (2) e ácido ent-pimara-8,15-dien-19-óico (3) foram submetidos a reações de fotooxigenação via formação sensibilizada de oxigênio singlete. Enquanto os compostos 2 e 3 foram totalmente convertidos nos produtos, o composto 1 reagiu apenas parcialmente sugerindo uma influência do impedimento estéreo sobre a ligação dupla endocíclica deste diterpeno. Os produtos de oxidação obtidos, 7alfa,11beta-diidroxipimara-8,15-dien-19-oato de metila (5), 7alfa-hidroperoxipimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oato de metila (6), 7alfa-hidroxi-14-oxopimara-15-en-19-oato de metila (8), 7alfa,9alfa-diidroxipimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oato de metila (9) e 7alfa,14alfa-diidroxipimara-8,15-dien-19-oato de metila (10) são inéditos e suas estruturas foram determinadas pela análise de seus dados espectrais.

Methyl esters of diterpenoids ent-pimara-9(11),15-dien-19-oic acid (1), ent-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oic acid (2), and ent-pimara-8,15-dien-19-oic acid (3) were submitted to photooxygenation reactions with sensitized singlet oxygen. While compounds 2 and 3 were converted to the products, compound 1 reacted only partially, suggesting an influence of the steric hindrance on the endocyclic double bond of 1. The oxidation products obtained, methyl-7alpha,11beta-dihydroxypimara-8,15-dien-19-oate (5), methyl-7alpha-hydroperoxypimara-8(14),15-dien-19 oate (6), methyl-7alpha-hydroxy-14-oxopimara-15-en-19-oate (8), methyl-7alpha,9alpha-dihydroxypimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oate (9) and methyl-7alpha,14alpha-dihydroxypimara-8,15-dien-19-oate (10), are new and their structures were elucidated by spectral data analysis.

Do extrato hexânico e da fase extraída com diclorometano do extrato metanólico de Kielmeyera reticulata foram isoladas três novas 4-fenilcumarinas, 5,7-diidroxi-6-(2'-hidroxi-3'-metil-3'-butenil)-8-(4"-cinamoil-3"-metil-1"-oxobutil)-4-fenilcumarina, 7-hidroxi-8-(4"-cinamoil-3"-metil-1" -oxobutil)-2'-(2-hidroxiisopropil)diidrofurano (5',4':5,6)-4-fenilcumarina e 5,7-diidroxi-8-(4"-cinamoil-3"-metil-1"-oxobutil)-4-fenilcumarina, além das substâncias já conhecidas, 7-hidroxi-8-(4"-cinamoil-3"-metil-1"-oxobutil)-2',2'-dimetilpirano(6',5':5,6)-4- n-propilcumarina, 5-hidroxi-6-(4"-cinamoil-3"-metil-1"-oxobutil)-2',2'-dimetilpirano(6',5':7,8)-4- n-propilcumarina, δ-tocotrienol e 2,3-metilenodioxixantona.

Three new 4-phenylcoumarins, 5,7-dihydroxy-6-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methyl-3'-butenyl)-8-(4" -cinnamoyl-3"-methyl-1"-oxobutyl)-4-phenylcoumarin, 7-hydroxy-8-(4"-cinnamoyl-3"-methyl-1" -oxobutyl)-2'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)-dihydrofurano(5',4':5,6)-4-phenylcoumarin, and 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(4"-cinnamoyl-3"-methyl-1"-oxobutyl)-4-phenylcoumarin, along with the known 4-n-propylcoumarins, 7-hydroxy-8-(4"-cinnamoyl-3"-methyl-1"-oxobutyl)-2',2'-dimethylpyrano (6',5':5,6)-4-n-propylcoumarin, 5-hydroxy-6-(4"-cinnamoyl-3"-methyl-1"-oxobutyl)-2',2' -dimethylpyrano(6',5':7,8)-4-n-propylcoumarin, the xanthone, 2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone and δ-tocotrienol were isolated from the organic extracts of Kielmeyera reticulata stems .

Do extrato hexânico de Kielmeyera lathrophyton foram isoladas duas novas xantonas, 1,5 -diidroxi -6' -metil -6' -(4 -metil -3 -pentenil) -pirano(2',3':3,2) -xantona, 1,7 -diidroxi -6' -metil -6' -(4 -metil -3-pentenil) -pirano(2',3':3,2) -xantona. Uma terceira xantona, a 2,3 -metilenodioxixantona, teve a atribuição dos dados de RMN de 13C revista. Foram isoladas ainda seis cumarinas sendo duas delas inéditas, 7 -hidroxi -8 -(3 -metil -1 -oxobutil) -4 -s -butil -6',6' -dimetilpirano(2',3':5,6) -cumarina e 7 -hidroxi -8 -(2 -metil -1 -oxobutil) -4 -s -butil -6',6'dimetilpirano(2',3':5,6) -cumarina. Além dessas substâncias foram isolados ainda o delta-tocotrienol, a friedelina, o 24alfa -etilcolest -5 -en -3 -ona e o 24alfa -etilcolest -5,22 -dien -3 -ol. Estes compostos foram identificados através de suas propriedades espectroscópicas e por comparação de seus dados espectroscópicos com dados da literatura.

Three xanthones and six coumarins were isolated from the hexane extract of the stems of Kielmeyera lathrophyton, among them two new prenylated xanthones 1,5-dihydroxy -6'-methyl -6' -(4-methyl -3-pentenyl) -pyrano(2',3':3,2) -xanthone, 1,7 -dihydroxy -6' -methyl -6' -(4 -methyl -3 -pentenyl) -pyrano(2',3':3,2) -xanthone, and two new 4 -s -butylcoumarins 7 -hydroxy -8 -(3-methyl -1 -oxobutyl) -4 -s -butyl -6',6' -dimethylpyrano (2',3':5,6) -coumarin, 7 -hydroxy -8 -(2-methyl -1 -oxobutyl) -4 -s -butyl -6',6' -dimethylpyrano (2',3':5,6) -coumarin, along with the compounds, delta -tocotrienol, friedelin, 24alpha -ethylcholest -5 -en -3 -one, and , 24alpha -ethylcholest -5,22 -dien -3 -ol. These compounds were identified by comparison with literature data, and their spectroscopic properties.

The hexane extract of leaves of B. microphylla afforded a mixture of triterpenes esterified with fatty acids. Analyses of spectral data of the mixture and of the derivatives obtained by a transesterification reaction with NaOMe/MeOH permitted to identify the composition of the mixtures as being 24-hydroxy-urs-12-enyl 3b-eicosanate, estearate and palmitate as well as of the 24-hydroxy-olean-12-enyl 3b-eicosanate, estearate and palmitate. From the choroform and ethyl acetate extracts were isolated the oleanolic and 3b,24-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acids, quercetin and methyl galic ester, respectively. The compounds were identified through analysis of their spectral data.